Regulation of the NADH supply by nuoE deletion and pncB overexpression to enhance hydrogen production in Enterobacter aerogenes

In this study, seven mutants from E. aerogenes IAM1183 wildtype were constructed via different strategies including deletion of lactate dehydrogenase, disruption of NADH dehydrogenase gene nuoE, overexpression of pncB and a combination of both to regulate of the NADH supply to enhance hydrogen production. Compared with the parental strain, the hydrogen yields of the strains IAM1183-E, IAM1183-L and IAM1183-EL increased by 23.3, 81.7 and 97.9%, respectively. When the pncB gene was overexpressed, the hydrogen yield of IAM1183/P, IAM1183-E/P, IAM1183-L/P and IAM1183-EL/P increased by 39.0, 6.5, 5.9, and 5.1% compared with the respective original knockout strains. Among them, the total hydrogen yield of strain IAM1183-EL/P with highest production efficiency was 58% higher than IAM1183. Further metabolite analysis indicated that the knockout of nuoE and ldhA, combined with the overexpression of pncB, resulted in a redistribution of the metabolic fluxes in E. aerogenes, which led to an improvement of the hydrogen yield.     

Effect of preparation method on physicochemical properties and catalytic performances of LaCoO_3 perovskite for CO oxidation

Perovskite oxides LaCoO_3 prepared by templating, co-precipitation and sol-gel method with different complexants were systematically characterized and its catalytic performances for CO oxidation were investigated. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, N_2 physisorption, transmission electron microscopy, temperature program reduction of hydrogen, temperature program desorption of oxygen and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement, results of which show that the properties of LaCoO_3, such as surface morphology, surface area, surface compositions, redox capability, oxygen vacancy, as well as the calcination temperature and formation mechanism, depend intimately on the preparation method. Catalytic tests indicate that the sample prepared by carbon templating method shows the best activity for CO oxidation, with full CO conversion obtained at 135 ℃. In particular, the catalyst can be activated and significant increase of activity can be obtained with the increase of reaction time. The cyclic and longterm stability of catalysts were discussed and compared.     

Research on slag-resistance of ZrN-SiAlON-SiC-C composite refractory in different atmospheres

The ZrN-SiAlON composite powder was synthesized using low-grade zircon and bauxite by carbothermal reduction nitridation at first and then ZrN-SiAlON-SiC-C composite refractory were fabricated with the ZrN-SiAlON powder, SiC particles, and a small amount of Si powder as raw materials and sucrose as the binder. The slag resistance of these composites in O₂, N₂ and Ar atmosphere was investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersion spectra. The results show that the pores in the inside of ZrN-SiAlON-SiC-C composite refractory were enlarged in oxygen atmosphere due to oxidation, which leads to the decrease in slag resistance. In argon atmosphere, blast furnace slag destroyed the sintered body of zircon, corundum, and cristobalite with the formation of CaZrO₃, then infiltrated into and filled the pores inside the refractory to form a dense layer, which hindered the further erosion of the blast furnace slag. In the reducing atmosphere, the interfacial energy of the gas-liquid phases became larger due to the reactions between blast furnace slag liquid and the gas, resulting in a larger wetting angle which prevented the erosion.     

绿色合成分子筛的研究进展

分子筛由于具有规则的孔道结构、适宜的酸性、良好的热和水热稳定性等特点,广泛应用于吸附、分离、离子交换及催化等领域。传统水热法制备分子筛因需要使用大量溶剂和有机模板剂,存在合成效率低、生产成本高、污染环境等一系列问题。近年来,随着"绿色化学"理念的深入人心,开发绿色、可持续的分子筛制备路线备受关注,逐渐成为该领域的研究热点。本文主要从水热法、离子热法、干胶法以及无溶剂法等几个方面,对国内外分子筛绿色合成的最新研究进展进行综述,并归纳比较上述合成方法的优缺点。最后,提出目前绿色合成分子筛过程中存在的问题,展望其未来发展前景。     

Wildland Fire Burned Areas Prediction Using Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network with Attention Mechanism

Fire Technology - Wildland fire is a major natural disaster that causes the environmental hazards and severe negative impacts on the lives. Therefore, early prediction is the key to control such...     

Adaptive gait detection based on foot-mounted inertial sensors and multi-sensor fusion

Gait detection plays an important role in areas where spatial-temporal gait parameters are needed. Inertial sensors are now sufficiently small in size and light in weight for collection of human gait data with body sensor networks (BSNs). However, gait detection methods usually rely on careful sensor alignment and a set of rule-based thresholds, which are brittle or difficult to implement. This paper presents an adaptive method for gait detection, which models human gait with a hidden Markov model (HMM), and employs a neural network (NN) to deal with the raw measurements and feed the HMM with classifications. Six gait events are involved for a detailed analysis, i.e., heel strike, foot flat, mid-stance, heel off, toe off, and mid-swing. In order to obtain enough gait data for training a gait model, the gait events are labeled by a rule-based detection method, in which the predefined rules are verified with an optical motion capture system. Experiments were conducted by nine subjects, based on a dual-sensor configuration with one sensor on each foot. Detection performance is quantified using metrics of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, and the averaged performance values are 98.11%, 94.32% and 98.86% respectively with a timing error less than 2.5 ms.     

Li0.95Na0.05MnPO4/C nanoparticles compounded with reduced graphene oxide sheets for superior lithium ion battery cathode performance

Sodium-substituted LiMnPO₄/C/reduced graphene oxide (LNMP@rGO) was synthesized in this study via freeze drying and carbon thermal reduction method with graphene oxide as carbon source. Sodium ion doping is optimized and rGO effects are evaluated by XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, Raman, and electrochemical performance measurements. Well-distributed nanoparticles with average size of ~50?nm are evenly distributed on the surface or intercalation between rGO layers, resulting in a porous ion/electronic conductive network. Compared to 122.3?mA?h?g^?1 in unmodified LNMP, the best LNMP@rGO (20?mg rGO) exhibits an excellent initial discharge capacity of 150.4?mA?h?g^?1 at 0.05?C at 122.9% of the initial capacity. The capacity retention rate is 95.8% of the initial capacity after 100 cycles at 1?C. Capacity of 101.2?mA?h?g^?1 is preserved even at rates as high as 10?C.     

Effect of biohydrogen by overexpressing small RNA RyhB combined with ldh impairment in novel Klebsiella sp. FSoil 024

Biotechnological hydrogen production is considered as an environmentally sustainable alternative to petrochemical sources or electrolysis. Here, disruption of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and metabolic regulation via the small RNA RyhB were adopted to improve hydrogen production in the novel Klebsiella sp. strain FSoil 024. The hydrogen production of FSoil 024-L (Δldh) and FSoil 024-L/R (Δldh/RyhB) from glucose in a 5-L fermenter respectively increased by 40 and 50% compared to the wild type. When glycerol was adopted as a more favorable substrate, FSoil 024-L generated 3.3 L/L of hydrogen after 52 h of fermentation, implying its great potential for the utilization of crude glycerol to produce hydrogen. Overexpression of RyhB downregulated formate biosynthesis in FSoil 024, thereby redirecting NADH toward the hydrogen production pathway. This finding provides new insights into the role of cellular reducing power in hydrogen metabolism and establishes a rationale for improving hydrogen production.     

Preparation and catalytic activity of thin-film cobalt–tungsten–boron for the hydrolysis of ammonia borane

In this work, cobalt–tungsten–boron nanoparticles (Co–W–B) have been successfully deposited on foam Ni to manufacture thin-film catalysts by electroless plating technique and applied in hydrogen generation from ammonia borane (NH₃BH₃) hydrolysis. Physicochemical properties of Co–W–B nanoparticles are characterized by XRD (Powder X–ray diffraction), SEM (Scanning electron microscopy), and EDS (Energy dispersive X–ray spectroscopy). It is observed that Co–W–B showed irregular spherical structure on the surface of foam Ni substrate. An increase of depositional pH value in the preparation process leads to the change of particle size. When the pH value is equal to 11.5, as-synthesized Co–W–B exhibits the smaller particle size, which suggests that depositional pH value has directly impacted the nucleation and growth of catalysis particles. The optimized Co–W–B catalyst displays higher catalytic activity toward NH₃BH₃ hydrolysis with a specific rate of hydrogen generation of 12933.3 mL min^?1·g^?1 at room temperature. Moreover, the lower apparent activation energy of 47.3 kJ mol^?1 is achieved. Compared with previously reported catalysts, the as-obtained catalytic performance is situated at the better rank. Moreover, the reusability has been investigated under the mild NH₃BH₃ hydrolysis conditions. It reveals that as-fabricated thin-film Co–W–B maintains excellent durability after five cycles. A possible mechanism for the released hydrogen from NH₃BH₃ hydrolysis using Co–W–B catalyst has been proposed.